Acumatica's REST API is the current standard, with generic inquiry endpoints that let you query data off nearly any screen in the system, plus authentication through OAuth 2.0 bearer tokens. The older contract-based API, built on SOAP, still runs plenty of existing integrations that were built before REST became the default, and it's not automatically deprecated just because it's older.
Both expose business logic, not just raw tables, which matters: calling the API correctly triggers the same validations and workflows that happen when a person enters data through the screen, rather than writing directly to the database underneath.