The core pieces are bills of material and routings that define what a product needs and the steps to build it, production orders that track a job from release to completion, and an MRP engine that plans purchasing and production off sales orders, forecasts, and current stock rather than someone eyeballing a reorder point.
Estimating and a product configurator sit on top of that for manufacturers quoting engineer-to-order or configure-to-order work, where the bill of material isn't fixed in advance and has to get built out as part of the quote itself.
Shop-floor data collection, where Acumatica tracks what's actually happening on the floor, runs through a mobile app: a worker scans a barcode to clock in or out of an operation, and that updates the production order's progress in close to real time.